Perinatal and maternal outcome in retained second twin

To evaluate the perinatal and maternal outcome related to retained second twin. This study was carried out in Gynae 'B' Unit, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from January 2004 to December 2005. Patients presenting to the labour ward after having delivered the first twin at home and with retention of the second twin in-utero with time interval of more than 30 minutes after the delivery of the first twin were included in the study. A total number of 25 patients presented with retained second twin during the above mentioned time period. Malpresentation in 14 patients [56%] and uterine inertia in 7 patients [28%] were found to be the commonest reasons causing retention of second twin, while malpresentation and uterine inertia together was seen in 4 patients [16%]. The perinatal mortality was 76% [n=19/25]. Maternal morbidity like fever was seen in 12 patients [48%] while post partum hemorrhage occurred in six patients [24 N. Blood transfusion was required in 17 patients [68%]. In post partum period breast engorgement requiring treatment with bromocriptine was seen in 5 patients [20 N]. Retained second twin is associated with a hlgh perinatal mortality rate and also causes increased morbidity in mothers. Thus, patients with twin gestation should be referred earlier to a center equipped to handle such a high-risk pregnancy and its associated problems at birth

Fertility risk factors causing breast cancer

Next to lung cancer, breast cancer is the second cause of mortality among women. Although the prevalence of this disease has been increased, but the rate of mortality has not been changed during last three decades, this may be due to early diagnosis at the first stage of disease. The aim of this study is to determine fertility risk factor of breast cancel in women. This research is a case-control study which was performed in 1999 on three educational treatment centers related to Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Tehran. Personal, fertile characteristics in women with breast cancer were determined and compared with control group. 120 patients with breast cancer were selected randomly and compared with 120 healthy women. Results showed that majority [70%] of women with breast cancer were between 35 to 54 years old and there was significant relation between marital status and breast cancer [P < 0.006]. There was no relation between cancer and age of first menstruation, marriage age, number of pregnancy, age of first and last pregnancy, history of multiple pregnancy, history of breast feeding, duration of using OCP and age of menopause. But there was significant relation between number of abortion [P < 0.046]. In this study, risk factors of breast cancer were marital status, and there was a weak relation between number of abortion and breast cancer. Unfortunately some of this factors are not preventable, but for those factors which are manageable, proper program should be provided in order to make people aware of risk factors and ways of their prevention

Embarazo tubárico gemelar unilateral: apropósito de un caso

En este artículo se prsenta un caso de embarazo ectópico tubário gemelar unilateral diagnosticado en el hospital de maternidad Nuestra Señora de la Altagracia. El embarazo ectópico tubário gemelar unilateral es extremadamente raro. Este es el primer caso reportado en al literatura nacional